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Personal Data Ownership Act

As society rapidly advances into the digital era, the concept of personal property is evolving beyond physical assets to encompass the vast amounts of data generated by individuals. In an age where browsing history, clicks, location data, and shopping habits are meticulously collected by corporations, the need to reassess personal property rights in relation to data is more pressing than ever.

The Modern Dilemma: Data as Personal Property

Traditionally, personal property rights have been well-defined, encompassing physical goods and real estate. However, the rise of digital technology has introduced a new dimension of personal assets: data. Every interaction online—whether it’s a search query, a social media post, or a purchase—generates data that companies eagerly collect and analyze. This data is valuable, often forming the basis for highly profitable business models.

Yet, despite its intrinsic value, individuals typically have little control over their own data. Companies accumulate vast quantities of personal information, using it to target advertisements, influence purchasing decisions, and even make critical business decisions. This imbalance raises a fundamental question: Shouldn’t individuals have ownership over their own data?

The Right to Control and Profit

The argument for data ownership is grounded in the principles of personal autonomy and property rights. Individuals should have the absolute right to review, edit, or delete any information that corporations collect about them. This control ensures that personal data remains accurate and secure, reducing the risk of misuse or exploitation.

Furthermore, individuals should have the right to profit from the sale or transfer of their data. Just as one can sell a physical asset, personal data should be treated as a commodity that individuals can monetize if they choose. This shift would not only empower individuals but also foster a more equitable digital economy where the benefits of data collection are shared.

Proposed Legislative Framework

To address these concerns, a comprehensive legislative framework is needed to safeguard data ownership rights. The proposed “Personal Data Ownership Act” aims to establish clear guidelines for data control:

Title: Personal Data Ownership Act

Section 1: Short Title and Alternate Title

  1. Short Title: This Act shall be known as the “Personal Data Ownership Act.”
  2. Alternate Title: This Act may also be referred to as the “I Own Me” Act.

Section 2: Purpose The purpose of this act is to return ownership of data collected about a person to the person who’s data is being collected.

Section 3: Definitions

  1. Personal Data: Any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person, including but not limited to biometrics, physical location history, internet browsing history, shopping history, Personally Identifiable Information (P.I.I.) as defined in other statutes, associations with other persons, video and audio recordings, and other biometric and DNA information. Collecting data from a device, that can be associated to a data subject, is the same as collecting data from a person (ie: personal data).
  2. Data Collector: Any entity, public or private, that collects, processes, or stores Personal Data.
  3. Data Subject: An individual whose Personal Data is collected, processed, or stored by a Data Collector.
  4. Electronic Device: Any electronic device that can be used for the collection of data on an individual, including but not limited to computers, smartphones, tablets, wearables, and IoT (Internet of Things) devices.

Section 4: Personal Data Ownership

  1. Ownership Rights: Every individual shall have personal ownership of all Personal Data collected about them, regardless of the nature of their relationship with the Data Collector. Ownership rights include:
    • History of location.
    • History of search activity.
    • History of clicks, actions, motions, or scrolls, or any other device measurements.
    • Personally Identifiable Information (P.I.I.) as defined in other statutes.
    • Video and audio recording information.
    • Other biometric and DNA information.
  2. Control Rights: Data Subjects shall have the authority to review, edit, or remove their Personal Data, in whole or in part, at any time.

Section 5: Right to Review and Edit

  1. Access to Data: Data Collectors must provide Data Subjects with access to all Personal Data collected about them upon request.
  2. Correction of Data: Data Subjects shall have the right to demand correction of inaccurate or incomplete Personal Data.
  3. Deletion of Data: Data Subjects shall have the right to demand the deletion of their Personal Data, in whole or in part, except as provided in Section 6.
  4. Non-Retaliation: A Data Collector, or a company that contracts with a Data Collector, may not cancel a person’s membership or ability to use a service due to a person requesting that their information be removed.

Section 6: Data Collection and Usage

  1. Transparency: Data Collectors must inform Data Subjects about the collection and use of their Personal Data, including the purposes for which it is collected.
  2. Consent: Data Collectors must obtain explicit consent from Data Subjects before collecting or processing their Personal Data.
  3. Parental Consent: No data may be obtained about a person under the age of 13 without parental consent.

Section 7: Exceptions

  1. Device Data Collection: This act does not apply to a device that does not store Personal Data for more than 24 hours or transmit that information to another device for storage.
  2. Governmental Data: This Act does not apply to Personal Data collected, processed, or stored by government entities for official purposes.
  3. Medical Data: This Act does not apply to Personal Data collected, processed, or stored by medical entities for the purposes of diagnosis, treatment, or healthcare management. This Act does not apply to individuals who are under the medical supervision of another.
  4. Employment Data: This Act does not apply to Personal Data collected, processed, or stored by employers for employment-related purposes.
  5. Law Enforcement Data: This Act does not apply to Personal Data collected, processed, or stored by law enforcement agencies for the purposes of criminal investigation, incarceration, public safety, or national security.
  6. Security of Persons or Property: This Act does not apply to surveillance (video and/or audio) of a person or property conducted to protect against theft, vandalism, or violence.
  7. Public Spaces: This Act does not restrict the constitutional right to record (video or audio) individuals in public places where there is no expectation of privacy, as long as such recording complies with applicable laws regarding privacy and consent.
  8. Journalistic Exemption: Journalists and media organizations shall be permitted to gather Personal Data on individuals for newsworthy stories that serve the public good, provided that such data collection is conducted in accordance with applicable laws and ethical standards for journalism.
  9. Personal and Family Data: This Act does not apply to individuals who collect and store data or documents solely for themselves or their immediate family.
  10. Ancestral Information: This Act does not apply to the retention of information related to ancestral or genealogical research.

Section 8: Enforcement and Penalties

  1. Enforcement Authority: The designated regulatory authority shall have the power to enforce the provisions of this Act.
  2. Penalties for Non-Compliance: Data Collectors found in violation of this Act shall be subject to penalties, including fines and corrective actions as determined by the regulatory authority. An individual may also sue the Data Collector in Civil Court. A plaintiff shall not be required to prove monetary damages to bring a case or have that case adjudicated.
  3. Class A Misdemeanor: It shall be a Class A Misdemeanor for any person to collect or store data on an individual without their knowledge.
  4. Corporate Responsibility: When the offender is a corporation, the highest officer of that corporation shall be held responsible for the actions of the corporation and subject to penalties as specified for individual offenders.
  5. Defense Against Prosecution:
    • It shall be a defense against prosecution if a Data Subject has signed an authorization for the collection of data, provided the data to be collected is plainly spelled out as to what is specifically collected.
    • It shall also be a defense against prosecution if the information collected is public knowledge or readily available from public sources.

Section 9: Transfer or Selling of Data

  1. Authorization Required: Data Collectors must seek explicit authorization from the Data Subject prior to transferring or selling their Personal Data to any third party.
  2. Disclosure of Terms: Data Collectors must disclose the terms of the sale or transfer, including the nature of the data being transferred and the parties involved, to the Data Subject.
  3. Right to Negotiate Compensation: The Data Subject shall have the right to negotiate compensation for the transfer or sale of their Personal Data.
  4. Retention of Rights: All other rights of the Data Subject, including the right to review, edit, or remove their Personal Data, shall be retained after the transfer or sale.

Section 10: Effective Date This Act shall take effect six months after the date of enactment.

Section 11: Severability If any provision of this Act is found to be unconstitutional or invalid, the remaining provisions shall remain in effect.

Section 12: Review and Amendment This Act shall be reviewed every five years from the date of enactment and may be amended as necessary to address emerging privacy concerns and technological advancements.

As we navigate the complexities of the digital age, reimagining personal property rights to include data is essential. By granting individuals control over their own data and the right to profit from it, we can create a more equitable and transparent digital landscape. The proposed “Personal Data Ownership Act” serves as a crucial step in this direction, aiming to establish clear and enforceable rights for data subjects, ensuring that personal data is treated with the respect and value it deserves.

References

  1. Jurcys, P. (2019). Ownership of User-Held Data: Why Property Law is the Right Approach. Retrieved from Harvard Journal of Law & Technology.
  2. Ritter, J., & Mayer, A. (n.d.). Regulating Data as Property: A New Construct for Moving Forward. Retrieved from Duke Law & Technology Review.
  3. Global Perspectives on Digital Trade Governance. (2021). Data Ownership and Data Access Rights: Meaningful Tools for Promoting the European Digital Single Market? Retrieved from Cambridge University Press.
  4. Grimmelmann, J., & Mulligan, C. (n.d.). Data Property. Retrieved from American University Law Review.
  5. Käll, J. (2020). The Materiality of Data as Property. Retrieved from Harvard International Law Journal.
  6. Leonard, P. (2020). Beyond Data Privacy: Data “Ownership” and Regulation of Data-Driven Business. Retrieved from American Bar Association.

By considering the proposals and discussions in these resources, we can work towards a legal framework that ensures data ownership rights for all.

Michael Pipkins focuses on public integrity, governance, constitutional issues, and political developments affecting Texans. His investigative reporting covers public-record disputes, city-government controversies, campaign finance matters, and the use of public authority. Pipkins is a member of the Society of Professional Journalists (SPJ). As an SPJ member, Pipkins adheres to established principles of ethical reporting, including accuracy, fairness, source protection, and independent journalism.

Election

Do Not Distribute: Fate Recall Document Sparks Concern

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Gus Richardson

FATE, TX – A document containing unproven allegations, some of which could raise defamation concerns if false, and stamped with a warning against distribution, is now at the center of a growing political storm in Fate, Texas, after a student’s testimony revealed it was nonetheless handed out at a public recall event targeting the mayor.

At the March 23, 2026 Fate City Council meeting, Gus Richardson, a local debate student, stepped forward during public comment and described attending a petition signing event tied to the ongoing recall effort against Mayor Andrew Greenberg, Councilman Mark Hatley, Councilman Rick Maneval, and Councilwoman Martha Huffman.

According to Richardson’s testimony, he was provided a document outlining reasons for removing the mayor by individuals he identified as being involved in the recall effort.

The document was marked with a warning that read: “This document is for reference purposes only. Distribution and photographs are strictly prohibited.” Despite the printed warning, Richardson proceeded to photograph the document, and the organizer then removed the document from his hands, Richardson stated.

[Video of presentation of Gus Richardson to Fate City Council]

[Image of document taken by Gus Richardson.]

That contradiction, a document marked for secrecy but distributed in a public setting as reasons for the removal of an elected Mayor, quickly became the focal point of Richardson’s remarks. While Richardson questioned the validity of some of the allegations made in the document, his primary focus was on the process and transparency behind their circulation.

Pipkins Reports has obtained a copy of the document and presents it here as part of this report. We note that notices of, “DISTRIBUTION AND PHOTOGRAPHS ARE STRICTLY PROHIBITED”, generally do not carry clear legal enforceability in a public setting.

Notably, one of the document’s central allegations involves the recording of city officials, and it is a matter of public record that Mayor Greenberg did record at least one phone call with Councilwoman Codi Chinn, a recording later released by Pipkins Reports, though the motivations and context surrounding that call remain disputed.

The document itself is structured as a list of allegations under several headings, including “Abuse of Power,” “Charter Violations,” “Texas Ethics Commission Errors,” and “Code of Ethics Violations.” It presents the claims in declarative language, offering no citations, supporting documentation, or sourcing within the text.

Under “Abuse of Power,” the document asserts that Mayor Greenberg secretly recorded city officials and staff for personal benefit, used his position to secure special privileges, and intentionally misled citizens about city governance and charter provisions. It further claims he used his authority for actions benefiting his private interests and threatened board members with removal if they questioned city officials.

Another claim alleges that the mayor allowed what the document describes as “potential electioneering” during a city council meeting, suggesting unequal treatment between certain speakers and regular citizens. Additional points accuse him of interfering in administrative staffing decisions and engaging with city staff without the required council authorization.

The section labeled “Texas Ethics Commission Errors” raises campaign-related concerns, including an allegation that required political advertising disclosures were omitted from campaign signs and that semiannual campaign finance reports were not filed on time in July 2025 and January 2026. It further states that only one of those reports has been remedied, though no official findings from the Texas Ethics Commission are cited in the document itself.

Other portions of the document claim violations of the city’s code of ethics, including representing private interests before the council, and paint a broader picture of what is described as a “lack of transparency.” The final section, labeled “Loss of Confidence,” includes assertions that the mayor has failed to keep citizens informed, does not understand the city charter, and has placed the city at risk of retaliation and lawsuits.

None of the claims included in the document were accompanied by evidence within the material reviewed, and the organizers explanation to Richardson, he states, was that the document “wasn’t verified yet and was simply what they believed.” However, the language used presents the allegations as statements of fact, rather than opinion, a distinction that carries legal implications if the claims cannot be substantiated.

Richardson’s testimony only briefly touched on how be believed the printed allegations were false. Instead, he focused on what he characterized as an inconsistency, that a document warning against distribution was nonetheless handed out to members of the public at an organized event. His remarks, measured in tone, appeared aimed at prompting greater transparency from those involved in the recall effort.

The City Council did not provide a response during the meeting regarding the document or its contents. This is typical of the Public Comments section of the agenda.

Mayor Greenberg’s Comment

Pipkins Reports reached out to Mayor Greenberg for comment. Regarding the document, he stated, “It’s a list of broad accusations without real evidence or specifics, and that’s just not a fair or productive way to have a conversation. If you’re going to make claims, don’t hide behind a command not to take photos or share-if they are strong enough to try to get people upset, they should be strong enough to be share publicly and examined. If someone disagrees with my policies, that’s completely fair, but pushing baseless accusations this way is disappointing.

Christopher Rains Comment

We also reached out to Christopher Rains, the petition organizer, who it appears was also the person to whom Richardson spoke to. He stated, “It [the conversation] is not how I remember the exchange. I was talking with two people, both combative in nature and upon recognizing that they were not in support tried to exit the exchange as quickly as possible. If I misspoke, I am not above admitting as much. I am not a politician and have no aspirations to become one, I am not afraid to say I am wrong. But, I stated and reiterated many times that I was there because I believe there were charter violations based on my understanding of the charter. He claimed that I said they broke the law, I clarified that I did not believe it was criminally illegal, but a civil violation and morally questionable.

Ashley Rains was also respectful to our request for comment and provided the following statement: “I was not surprised to see Gus Richardson, or his mother, at the City Council meeting Monday evening. If anything, I was proud and impressed to see Gus in attendance and participating. Proud because I firmly believe it’s imperative that our younger generations become interested and involved in the future of our government, at all levels. Our current political climate may not be where it is today if that had been the case sooner.

I was simultaneously impressed by his willingness to speak publicly on such a controversial topic. Not many young people have the wherewithal or courage to do so. I applaud him for that.

However, I was surprised to hear my name casually mentioned, while presenting as though he was unsure who the gentleman was he speaking with.

Gus and his mother approached our table while I was engaged in conversation with another citizen. But my husband is both cordial and a business professional. He shakes your hand and introduces himself, every time, with every new person we encounter in a mutually respectful setting.

I was unable to join their conversation until the last couple of minutes of their exchange. To hear my name referenced in the speech Gus delivered Monday evening was surprising, as the premise of the delivery seemed to be geared more toward attacking my campaign rather than presenting the facts of the exchange as the truly were.

I still applaud his involvement and courage. I also recognize the true potential he has to offer our society, political or otherwise. But, truthfully, I would’ve preferred to hear the recollection of events delivered less politically and more forthright.


As the recall effort continues to unfold, the emergence of this document and the circumstances surrounding its distribution are likely to draw increased scrutiny from both the public and those directly involved. Richardson’s testimony has added a new layer to an already contentious political environment, raising questions not only about the claims themselves, but about how information is being presented to voters in the course of the petition process.

For now, the allegations outlined in the document remain unverified, and no formal findings by relevant authorities have been publicly confirmed. As the situation develops, the focus may shift toward greater transparency from all parties involved, particularly as residents weigh the credibility of the information being circulated in connection with the recall effort.

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Council

Tax Hikes, Fees, and Townhomes: The Record of Allen Robbins in Fate

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Allen Robbins

FATE, TX – Voters in Fate may soon face a familiar name on the ballot, but beneath the surface of Allen Robbins’ political comeback lies a record that could reshape how residents view his return. As the May 2026 city council election approaches, Robbins, a former Fate councilman, is seeking another term, bringing with him a documented voting history that raises pointed questions about taxes, fees, and development decisions that directly affected residents’ wallets and the city’s character.

Public records from the City of Fate show that during his previous tenure, Robbins not only introduced a series of consequential motions, but in each instance, those motions ultimately passed the council. The result was a slate of enacted policies that increased costs and advanced higher-density development, leaving a clear legislative footprint for voters to evaluate.

Below are seven key actions tied to Robbins’ record that voters may weigh as they consider his candidacy.

1. Ratifying a Property Tax Increase

Robbins made the motion to approve Ordinance No. 0-2023-036, ratifying a property tax increase embedded in the adopted budget for fiscal year 2023–2024. The motion passed, formally locking in the increased tax burden tied to that budget cycle.

2. Supporting a 5.96 Percent Tax Rate Increase

Robbins also made the motion to adopt Ordinance No. 0-2023-037, setting the property tax rate at $0.26421, an effective increase of approximately 5.96 percent. The council approved the measure, resulting in a higher rate applied to property owners across the city.

3. Approving Increased Solid Waste Fees

Through Ordinance No. O-2023-038, Robbins moved to approve updated rates for solid waste and refuse collection services. The motion passed, leading to increased service charges for residents.

4. Road Fee Adoption

Although introduced by another council member, Robbins voted to approve Ordinance No. 0-2023-039, establishing a $3 road fee for both single-family and multi-family residential units. The measure adds a recurring fee impacting nearly all households.

5. Zoning Change with Financial Penalties

Robbins made the motion to approve Ordinance No. O-2023-021, which amended zoning classifications on approximately 3.18 acres from Mixed Use to Mixed Use Transition for a Townhouse Development.

6. Approval of a 179-Unit Townhome Development

Through Resolution No. R-2023-055, Robbins moved to approve a Type III development plan for a 179-unit townhome project on approximately 13.9 acres. The council approved the motion, clearing the way for the higher-density development to proceed.

7. Advancing a Maximum Tax Rate Above Key Thresholds

Robbins also made the motion to approve Resolution No. R-2023-058, setting a maximum tax rate that exceeded both the no-new-revenue rate and the voter-approval rate, within the de minimis threshold allowed under Texas law. The motion passed, advancing the process for adopting the higher rate and triggering required public notices and hearings.

Context and Verification

Each of these actions is documented in official City of Fate council records from 2023. Motions made by a council member are a critical procedural step in municipal governance, and in these cases, each motion successfully resulted in council approval, meaning the policies were not merely proposed, but enacted.

Municipal leaders often justify such decisions as necessary responses to growth, infrastructure demands, and service costs. Fate, like many North Texas communities, has experienced rapid expansion, increasing pressure on roads, utilities, and public services.

The Stakes in 2026

As Robbins seeks a return to office in May 2026, voters are presented with a clear and verifiable record of policy actions that translated into tangible outcomes, higher taxes, new fees, and expanded development density.

Whether those outcomes are viewed as responsible governance or excessive government expansion will likely shape the election.

Opinion: A Pattern, Not an Accident

Seven motions. Seven approvals. One consistent direction.

That pattern is difficult to dismiss as coincidence. Robbins’ record reflects a governing philosophy that leans toward increasing revenue through taxation and fees while accommodating denser residential growth.

Supporters may argue these were necessary decisions in a growing city. That is a fair argument. Growth requires infrastructure, and infrastructure costs money.

But voters should also ask whether every increase was necessary, whether alternatives were explored, and whether the cumulative impact on residents was fully considered.

Because while each individual vote might be explained away, together they tell a broader story, one of a councilman comfortable with expanding both the cost and scope of local government.

In a community like Fate, where many families moved seeking affordability and space, that story carries weight.

And in May 2026, voters will decide whether it carries enough weight to keep Allen Robbins out of office, or return him to it.

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Election

Bizarro! Viral Video of Democrat Bobby Pulido – Posted by Opponent!

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Monica De La Cruz

TEXAS, 15th Congressional District – A South Texas congressional race, veered into the realm of bizarro when a decades-old video clip resurfaced, casting a blanket over a newly minted Democratic nominee. What should have been a straightforward primary victory became a flashpoint, as a Republican incumbent Monica De La Cruz amplified a controversial video clip of her Democratic opponent, Bobby Pulido.

Tejano singer Bobby Pulido, a well-known figure in Texas music circles, secured the Democratic nomination earlier this month in Texas’ 15th Congressional District, according to results reported by the Texas Secretary of State and coverage from regional outlets including The Texas Tribune. Pulido, who has built a career as a performer with a loyal following across South Texas, entered politics as part of a broader Democratic effort to reclaim the historically competitive district.

Bobby Pulido – “Dias de Ayer” – youtube

His opponent in the general election, Republican Rep. Monica De La Cruz, wasted little time drawing contrasts. Within days of the primary result, De La Cruz reposted a video clip circulating online that appears to show Pulido under a blanket, making suggestive movements that some viewers interpreted as simulating a “sexual act”. The video’s origin is not entirely clear, though it has been described in online discussions as footage from earlier in Pulido’s entertainment career.

De La Cruz’s campaign did not produce the video, but her decision to repost it on social media drew immediate attention. According to archived posts and reporting from local political blogs, the video had already been circulating among political activists before it reached a broader audience through the congresswoman’s platform.

Pulido has not denied that the video depicts him, but allies have characterized the clip as an out-of-context moment from a performance or comedic setting, arguing that it is being weaponized for political gain. As of this writing, Pulido’s campaign has not issued a detailed public statement addressing the specifics of the video, though supporters have pushed back on what they describe as a “smear tactic.”

The 15th Congressional District, which stretches from the Rio Grande Valley northward toward Seguin, has become a political battleground in recent cycles. De La Cruz flipped the seat for Republicans in 2022, defeating Democratic incumbent Vicente Gonzalez after redistricting reshaped the district’s partisan balance. National observers, including Cook Political Report and Sabato’s Crystal Ball, have since rated the district as competitive, making it a target for both parties.

Pulido’s candidacy reflects a Democratic strategy aimed at leveraging cultural recognition and regional identity. As a Tejano artist, he carries name recognition that traditional political candidates often lack, particularly among Hispanic voters who form a majority in the district. His campaign messaging has emphasized economic opportunity, healthcare access, and immigration reform, themes consistent with broader Democratic priorities.

De La Cruz, for her part, has leaned into a law-and-order message and economic conservatism, aligning closely with House Republican leadership. Her campaign website highlights border security, energy independence, and opposition to what she describes as “Washington overreach.”

The resurfaced video has complicated what might otherwise have been a conventional contrast between policy agendas. Political analysts note that such controversies can have unpredictable effects, particularly in districts where personal image and cultural familiarity carry weight.

Voters often say they want substance, but moments like this can dominate the narrative,” one South Texas political consultant told The Monitor. “The question is whether it sticks, or whether it backfires.

There is also the matter of tone. While negative campaigning is hardly new, the use of suggestive or potentially embarrassing footage raises questions about where campaigns draw the line. The Federal Election Commission does not regulate the content of political speech in this context, leaving such decisions largely to candidates and, ultimately, voters.

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