Cost per Vote Calculated

TEXAS – After more than $100 million in political warfare, Texans woke up Wednesday morning to a simple reality, the Republican primary for U.S. Senate is not over. In fact, it may have only reached halftime.

Incumbent U.S. Sen. John Cornyn and Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton are now headed to a runoff election after neither candidate secured the majority required to win outright in Tuesday’s Republican primary. The contest, widely described as the most expensive Senate primary in American political history, will now stretch another two months before Republican voters decide the nominee.

As of publication, with roughly 94 percent of the vote counted, Cornyn held a narrow lead with 41.9 percent of the vote, totaling 897,187 ballots. Paxton followed closely with 40.7 percent, receiving 871,672 votes. U.S. Rep. Wesley Hunt finished third with 13.5 percent, or 289,403 votes.

Under Texas election law, a candidate must receive more than 50 percent of the vote to win a primary outright. When no candidate crosses that threshold, the top two candidates advance to a runoff election. That runoff is scheduled for May 26.

The results guarantee an extended political showdown between two figures representing sharply different visions of Republican leadership.

Paxton addressed supporters Tuesday night during an election watch event in Dallas hosted by the pro-Paxton Lone Star Liberty PAC. The attorney general framed the outcome as a rejection of the political establishment and a signal from grassroots voters across Texas.

“Together with your support, we just sent a message loud and clear to Washington,” Paxton told the crowd. “Texas is not for sale.”

Paxton also pointed to the massive financial disparity between the campaigns, arguing that despite overwhelming spending by groups aligned with the incumbent senator, Republican voters still rejected the status quo.

“Nearly 60 percent of Texas voters, who have known Cornyn for over 40 years, after hearing $100 million worth of ads, chose to vote against the incumbent,” Paxton said. “That’s historic.”

Cornyn did not host an election night event but briefly addressed reporters Tuesday evening as the vote count continued.

“I’ve worked for decades to build the Republican Party, both here in Texas and nationally,” Cornyn said. “I refuse to allow a flawed, self-centered and shameless candidate like Ken Paxton risk everything we’ve worked so hard to build over these many years.”

Cornyn’s campaign has consistently argued that Paxton represents a risk to the Republican Party’s electoral prospects, while Paxton’s supporters have framed the race as a battle between grassroots conservatives and Washington insiders.

Cornyn campaign spokesman Matt Mackowiak previously told reporters that the campaign would not hold an election night celebration because the team does not “do halftime parties.”

The Cost of Each Vote

The financial dynamics of the race reveal an even more striking contrast between the campaigns.

Based on available spending figures tied to advertising and campaign messaging efforts, Cornyn’s political operation and allied groups spent roughly $70 million supporting his campaign. Paxton’s campaign and aligned efforts spent approximately $4.1 million, while Hunt’s campaign spending totaled about $11.4 million.

When those spending totals are compared with the number of votes received, the results highlight a dramatic difference in campaign efficiency.

• Cornyn’s spending equates to roughly $78.02 per vote, calculated by dividing $70 million by his 897,187 votes.

• Paxton’s campaign achieved nearly the same vote total at dramatically lower cost, spending approximately $4.70 per vote to secure 871,672 votes.

• Hunt’s campaign, which finished third, spent about $39.39 per vote, based on $11.4 million in spending and 289,403 votes.

In practical terms, Paxton’s campaign proved vastly more efficient at converting dollars into voter support, achieving almost the same vote share as Cornyn while spending only a fraction of the money.

Political analysts say the spending gap reflects heavy financial involvement by national Republican organizations and establishment political committees seeking to defend the incumbent senator.

Despite that financial advantage, the spending did not produce the decisive victory many expected.

Instead, it produced a runoff.

What Comes Next

The May 26 runoff now becomes the defining stage of the race. Historically, Texas runoff elections attract significantly lower voter turnout than primary elections, meaning campaigns must rely heavily on organization, messaging, and targeted voter mobilization.

Both candidates are expected to intensify campaigning across the state in the coming weeks, focusing on grassroots engagement, media messaging, and turnout operations.

The runoff will determine which candidate ultimately represents the Republican Party in the general election.

Opinion

One candidate’s role in Tuesday’s outcome should not be overlooked.

Congressman Wesley Hunt finished a distant third, but his presence in the race likely ensured that Paxton would not get the 50% needed to secure the nomination and may have now handed the election over to Cornyn.

It matters because Texas runoff elections tend to favor the campaign with the deeper pockets and stronger political machinery…that’s Cornyn. Cornyn’s access to national Republican fundraising networks and establishment political organizations could translate into a powerful turnout operation. Ground operations, voter targeting, and aggressive get-out-the-vote campaigns often determine the winner when turnout drops.

Paxton, by contrast, will rely heavily on grassroots enthusiasm among voters who see his candidacy as a challenge to what they view as a disconnected Washington political class. Cornyn is deeply hated by the electorate. The only question is, do they hate him enough to come out for a 2nd time to vote against him?

SAN ANTONIO, Texas — The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit has lifted a lower court injunction and allowed Texas’ Senate Bill 12 to take effect, clearing the way for enforcement of new restrictions on certain drag performances in venues where minors are present. The ruling reverses a federal district court’s earlier order that had blocked the law, concluding that Texas may regulate performances deemed “sexually oriented” when accessible to children.

The appellate decision represents a significant legal victory for state officials, including Attorney General Ken Paxton, who defended the statute as a child-protection measure. Opponents, including performers and civil liberties groups, argue the law infringes on constitutionally protected expression and disproportionately targets drag performers.

At the center of the legal fight is not merely drag as an art form, but how Texas defines “sexually oriented conduct” — a term embedded in existing state penal law and incorporated into SB 12.

What SB 12 Does

Senate Bill 12 amends Texas law to prohibit certain performances on public property or in the presence of minors if the performances include “sexual conduct,” as defined by state statute. The law does not use the word “drag” in its operative prohibitions. Instead, it applies to performances that appeal to the prurient interest in sex and involve specific forms of sexualized conduct.

Under the statute, a person commits an offense if they engage in a sexually oriented performance on public property or in the presence of an individual younger than 18 years of age. The law classifies violations as a Class A misdemeanor, with enhanced penalties for repeat offenders.

Supporters argue the statute mirrors longstanding restrictions on sexually explicit performances involving minors. Critics contend it was drafted in response to drag events and creates uncertainty for performers who do not engage in explicit conduct.

The Legal Definition of “Sexually Oriented”

Texas does not rely on a vague or novel definition. Instead, SB 12 draws from the Texas Penal Code’s existing terminology.

Under Texas law, “sexual conduct” includes:

• Sexual intercourse;
• Deviate sexual intercourse;
• Sexual contact; and
• The exhibition of the genitals, anus, or female breast below the top of the areola.

“Sexual contact” is further defined as any touching of the anus, breast, or genitals of another person with intent to arouse or gratify sexual desire.

Additionally, “deviate sexual intercourse” includes contact between the genitals of one person and the mouth or anus of another, or penetration of the genitals or anus with an object.

The statute’s application hinges not on costume or identity, but on whether a performance includes conduct that meets these statutory definitions and is intended to appeal to prurient interests.

In court filings, state attorneys emphasized that the law regulates sexually explicit conduct — not viewpoint or identity — and parallels restrictions already applied to strip clubs and adult cabarets.

The Fifth Circuit’s Reasoning

The Fifth Circuit panel concluded that the district court erred in issuing a sweeping injunction blocking the law before it could take effect. The appellate judges found that Texas demonstrated a substantial likelihood of success on the merits of its argument that the statute regulates conduct, not protected speech.

The court emphasized the state’s “compelling interest” in shielding minors from exposure to sexualized performances, particularly on public property.

While the panel did not issue a final ruling on every constitutional question raised, it determined that the lower court’s injunction was too broad at this preliminary stage.

The earlier district court ruling had found portions of the law unconstitutionally vague, suggesting performers might self-censor out of fear that ordinary drag performances could be prosecuted. The appellate panel, however, concluded that the statutory definitions were sufficiently grounded in established penal law.

The Plaintiffs’ Arguments

The lawsuit challenging SB 12 was filed by performers and advocacy organizations, including the ACLU of Texas. Plaintiffs argued the statute violates the First Amendment by targeting expressive conduct based on content.

They contended that drag is a form of theatrical and political expression protected under the Constitution, and that the law chills speech by creating ambiguity around what constitutes a violation.

In earlier hearings, plaintiffs asserted that drag brunches, Pride events, and theatrical performances could be swept into the law’s scope even if they contained no explicit sexual activity.

The Fifth Circuit did not definitively resolve those broader First Amendment questions but concluded that the challengers had not met the threshold to justify blocking enforcement statewide.

Paxton’s Response

Attorney General Ken Paxton hailed the ruling as validation of Texas’ authority.

In a statement following the decision, Paxton said the court affirmed Texas’ right to protect children from “sexually explicit performances.” His office argued throughout the litigation that the statute mirrors restrictions long upheld by courts when applied to adult entertainment establishments.

Paxton’s office has been active in defending a series of social policy measures in federal court, often before the Fifth Circuit, which has become a focal point for constitutional litigation involving Texas law.

What Happens Next

The law is now set to take effect in March 2026 unless further judicial intervention occurs. Plaintiffs may seek rehearing before the full Fifth Circuit or petition the U.S. Supreme Court for review.

In the meantime, venue owners and performers must evaluate their programming in light of the statutory language. Legal analysts note that enforcement will likely hinge on factual determinations about the content of specific performances.

For prosecutors, the burden will be to demonstrate that a performance involved conduct meeting the precise statutory definitions — not merely gender expression, theatrical exaggeration, or cross-dressing.

COLONY RIDGE, TX – In a $68 million settlement announced by the U.S. Department of Justice, Colony Ridge Land LLC and its affiliated entities agreed to resolve allegations that the developer engaged in predatory land sales and lending practices targeting Hispanic borrowers. The agreement, reached in coordination with Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton’s office, concludes litigation initiated in late 2023 and expanded through early 2024.

According to the DOJ’s Civil Rights Division, the lawsuit accused Colony Ridge of violating the Equal Credit Opportunity Act and the Fair Housing Act through marketing and lending tactics that allegedly steered vulnerable buyers into high risk seller financed loans without verifying their ability to repay. Investigators said the result was a pattern of defaults, foreclosures, and financial distress across the rapidly expanding Liberty County development.

Assistant Attorney General Harmeet K. Dhillon stated the government viewed the conduct as both unlawful and socially harmful, asserting that deceptive lending schemes undermine civil rights protections while destabilizing communities. Dhillon also noted enforcement efforts would extend to lenders and developers whose practices may contribute to illegal immigration or unsafe housing conditions.

The settlement resolves a December 2023 federal lawsuit filed jointly by the Justice Department and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, alongside a March 2024 lawsuit brought by the Texas Attorney General’s Office.

Under the terms of the agreement, Colony Ridge must allocate $48 million toward infrastructure upgrades, including $18 million dedicated to drainage improvements intended to mitigate flooding risks that residents and investigators say have caused costly property damage. An additional $30 million will fund broader infrastructure enhancements throughout the development.

The developer also agreed to adopt underwriting standards requiring verification of borrower income, assets, and debt levels before issuing loans, a shift designed to reduce default risk. The settlement further mandates foreclosure mitigation policies, borrower assistance programs, and a credit remediation plan addressing past reporting tied to defaulted loans.

Investigators also cited concerns involving marketing practices. As part of the settlement, Colony Ridge must ensure advertising accurately represents property conditions, utility access, and loan terms. Pre sale disclosures must now clearly indicate whether homes are move in ready and whether essential services are immediately available.

A legal settlement involving the State of Texas, the federal government, and Colony Ridge will also require prospective buyers to verify lawful presence in the United States. According to reporting from Yahoo News, purchasers must present a valid Texas-issued identification card or driver’s license, or appropriate immigration documentation such as a passport accompanied by a current visa, before completing certain transactions.

Another significant provision includes a $20 million commitment aimed at strengthening law enforcement presence within the development. The agreement requires Colony Ridge to coordinate with local, state, and federal authorities to enhance public safety efforts as the community continues to grow.

Additionally, the settlement imposes documentation requirements tied to federal land sales exemptions and halts new residential plats for direct to consumer sales for three years, effectively slowing the rapid expansion that drew national scrutiny.

Colony Ridge has not admitted wrongdoing as part of the settlement, a common feature in civil resolutions. The company has previously stated that it provides affordable homeownership opportunities to buyers who may struggle to access traditional financing, while emphasizing its cooperation with regulators.

The development has been the subject of intense political and media attention due to its size, unconventional financing model, infrastructure concerns, and questions surrounding population growth patterns in the region.

Sources: U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division announcement, Justice.gov; Texas Office of the Attorney General filings; Consumer Financial Protection Bureau case records.